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For instance, the SHA-256 of the term BUTTERFLY (source) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:
Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the block, the mining issue and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:
Imagine our block consists of the word BUTTERFLY discussed previously. In reality, the block would contain a list of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a simple test: If the HASH result of the block begins with a certain number of zeros, the block is considered confirmed.
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For our example, lets say that we've a mining problem of just two, ie, our HASH should start with two zeros. .
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The difficulty: BUTTERFLY will always return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt start with two zeros. Thus what we need is your next variable, a random number (known as a NONCE). We carry this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and since changing one little number changes the entire HASH outcome, there is no method to forecast the number well need to address this! .
We repeat this process over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, gives us a HASH that starts with two zeros. That number is your solution to the block. Here are some tries:
This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is the thing that makes bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive procedure, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. As of November 2017, a regular home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, would take 2.7 million years into mine one block. .
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CPU mining. In the first days of bitcoin, mining issue was low and not a lot of miners were competing for cubes and rewards. This made it rewarding to use your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that strategy was soon replaced by GPU mining.
FPGA mining. Next came mining with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining procedure as FPGAs are processors that can be programmed to execute specific instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, such as GPUs were).
ASIC mining. Comparable to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are processors designed for a specific purpose, in our case mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they are the best processors out there for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in electricity consumption. .
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Mining pools. To cancel the difficulty of mining a block, miners started organising in pools or cloud mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of those pools simplifies a cube, the payoff is shared with everyone in the swimming pool in a ratio representative of just how much work you put into the pool (even though you personally never solved the mystery ). .
Cloud mining. Clouds provide potential miners the ability to buy mining channels in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious being: no energy expenses, no excess heat and nothing to sell when you decide to hang your virtual pickaxe.
Once miners receive bitcoin, they are given a virtual key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this electronic key to gain access and validate or approve transactions.
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Desktop pockets. Software such as Bitcoin Core lets you send and store bitcoin addresses and connects to the network to track transactions.
Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are saved online by exchange platforms such as Coinbase or Circle and can be accessed from anywhere.
Mobile wallets. Programs like Blockchain store and encrypt your bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your mobile device.
Paper wallets. Some websites provide paper wallet solutions, generating a piece of paper with two QR codes on it. One code is your public address where you receive bitcoin and the other one is your check private address you can use for spending.